Remarks y The term “alcohol dependence” refers to diagnosis according to the ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria or equivalent ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnosis. y Psychosocial interventions included: CBT, couples therapy, psychodynamic therapy, behavioural therapies, social network therapy, contingency management, motivational interviewing, 12-step facilitation, mutual help groups and mindfulnessbased therapies. Studies were included if they considered the above treatments alone or in combination with other types of treatment. The review excluded studies on a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions, as well as on interventions delivered on digital platforms. y Integrating the provision of psychosocial interventions into primary care provides many advantages, including more holistic health care, increased accessibility of services for MNS disorders for people in need of care, opportunities for reducing the stigma of mental health problems and reduced costs.

Implementation considerations y Country adaptation and translation of training materials and tools for the provision of psychosocial interventions is essential. y Psychosocial interventions for alcohol dependence should be considered in conjunction with other modalities of treatment (i.e. pharmacological). y Most psychosocial interventions may be delivered by a wide range of professional staff – counsellors, psychologists, nurses, lay health counsellors and health volunteers. This increases the feasibility of implementing psychosocial interventions. y Psychosocial interventions can be delivered effectively in non-specialized health-care settings but also in other settings, including specialized mental health care and social care.