Remarks y Interventions that reduced incidence of depression and anxiety in children included those with CBT and psychoeducational aspects. Often these were familyfocused interventions, with therapeutic components tailored to the parent’s mental health condition. Booster sessions may be an important part of longer-term impacts of the interventions. y These interventions can be helpful in preventing emotional problems in the short-term. It is not known whether they improve psychosocial wellbeing, reduce emotional problems in the immediate or long-term, or reduce aggressive, disruptive or oppositional behaviours. No studies reported on diagnoses of conduct dissocial disorder, self-harm or stigma.

Implementation considerations y There may be stigma associated with these targeted interventions. Engaging families with a severe mental illness may be experienced as intrusive, and communicating about children’s risk for developing mental health conditions may be stigmatizing or shameful for families and further impact caregivers’ well-being. Efforts to provide sensitive engagement, with emphasis on strengths-based support and promotive aspects, is of paramount importance. y There is also a large evidence base on parenting programmes, which provide a useful entry point for targeted family-focused interventions.