Remarks

• The trials in the systematic review varied widely in intervention content, intensity and effect but all showed consistent and similar effects.
• The GDG noted that the resources needed for and the feasibility of implementing family involvement strategies vary according to setting but that simple family involvement interventions such as the delivery of direct bedside care and involvement in medical decision-making could be implemented in all settings. Other components that can be provided include chairs near the infant’s cot, even in busy and crowded hospital wards.
• The GDG also noted that family involvement strategies reduced the length of hospital stay, improved breastfeeding and reduced parental anxiety and stress.