Remarks

• The GDG noted that evidence was available for all preterm infants, so caffeine (or other methylxanthines) is recommended for treatment of apnoea in preterm infants.
• The GDG noted that there were limited data on the dose, timing of initiation and duration of administration. Based on the largest trial (169) included in the evidence review, the GDG suggested a 20 mg/kg loading dose and a 5 mg/kg per day maintenance dose for six weeks. The duration of caffeine administration should be based on clinical judgement.
• If caffeine is not available, other methylxanthines (aminophylline or theophylline) may be considered.