Practical Info The vast majority of malaria cases and deaths in Africa occur in young children. The key interventions recommended to prevent and control malaria in this vulnerable group include use of insecticide-treated nets or indoor residual spraying, prompt access to diagnosis and treatment and, in areas of Africa with moderate to high transmission of P. falciparum, administration of IPTi. This consists of co-administration of a full therapeutic course of SP with the second and third vaccinations against DTP and vaccination against measles delivered routinely in the Expanded Programme on Immunization —usually at 10 weeks, 14 weeks and about 9 months of age, respectively—to infants at risk for malaria (84). WHO encourages co-administration of SP-IPTi in areas with moderate-to-high malaria transmission (>250 cases per 1000 population and a prevalence of P. falciparum/P. vivax >10%) of Africa. IPTi has been shown to be efficacious where parasite resistance to SP, defined as a prevalence of the Pfdhps 540 mutation is ≤ 50%. The studies showed no evidence of any adverse effects of SP-IPTi on infants’ serological responses to vaccines (DTP, polio, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae B, yellow fever or measles). A rebound effect in terms of greater susceptibility to malaria after termination of SP-IPTi, although reported in some studies, was not found in the pooled analysis. SP-IPTi should not be given to infants receiving a sulfa-based medication for treatment or prophylaxis, including cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole), which is widely used as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected infants. Surveillance of molecular markers of SP resistance should accompany SP-IPTi, in particular the distribution and prevalence of Pfdhps 540 mutations, which is a surrogate measure of SP efficacy. Please refer to the Intermittent preventive treatment for infants using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTi-SP) for malaria control in Africa: implementation field guide (84).